1. Clara is suing David because of a property dispute. Clara and David are from different states, so it is not readily clear which state has jurisdiction over this case. Which of the following is true?
o Jurisdiction falls in David's state of residence, since he is the one being summoned to court.
o Jurisdiction falls in Clara's state of residence, since she is the plaintiff.
o Jurisdiction depends solely on where the property - the focus of the dispute - is located.
o Jurisdiction can fall in whichever state has subject matter or personal jurisdiction, likely depending on which state Clara feels will give her a more favorable outcome for her case.
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2. Federico is in a financial dispute. He is trying to collect money for services rendered, but the debtor does not want to pay the money owed to Federico. Which court that would most likely address this situation?
o State Small Claims Court
o U.S. Bankruptcy Court
o U.S. Tax Court
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3. Dixonville has had fundamentally the same demographics, economic system, and social structure for decades. In recent years these factors have begun to shift, causing many to call for new legislation and legal practices. Shifting the legal structure of Dixonville in order to account for the changes that are occurring would be in accordance with the __________ school of jurisprudential thought.
o Legal Realism
o Irrational Forces
o Natural Law
o Sociological
o Historical
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4. A law which promotes the opportunity for foreign workers to obtain employment, housing, and medical care regardless of their citizenship status would likely fall under which school of jurisprudential thought?Which school of jurisprudential thought is most clearly exhibited in this scenario?
o Legal Realism
o Irrational Forces
o Natural Law
o Historical
o Sociological
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5. A law was recently passed in the city of Birmingdon that specifies a long list of restrictions on disposing of different kinds of waste material. The law is long, meticulous, and complicated, and many citizens do not understand all the points of the law or the purpose it is meant to fulfill. Citizens are commonly caught breaking the ordinance. Which law or principle of law which is most relevant to this situation?
o Procedural Due Process
o First Amendment
o Equal Protection Laws
o Substantive Due Process
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6. Claudia feels strongly against a law that was recently passed in her hometown. She proceeds to write letters to the local newspaper criticizing the effect of the law. She also marches up and down the sidewalk in front of city hall loudly publicizing her contradictory point of view. Which law or principle of law which is most relevant to this situation?
o Substantive Due Process
o First Amendment
o Procedural Due Process
o Equal Protection Laws
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7. After a tragic event in which an armed intruder storms into a mall and fatally shoots several people, the city of Belmonte institutes a law that prohibits any form of weapon in public retail establishments. This reaction would be an example of following which school of jurisprudential thought?
o Natural Law
o Irrational Forces
o Sociological
o Historical
o Legal Realism
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8. Annie is an observer to a legal dispute between two of the tenants in a building she manages. She has documented information relevant to the case but prefers not to get involved in the dispute. Which of the following is true?
o Annie is required by Good Samaritan laws to put forth any information she has relevant to the case.
o Annie cannot provide any information since her position as a manager precludes her ability to be unbiased.
o Annie can refuse any attempt to involve her in the dispute between her tenants.
o Annie can be required via subpoena to provide the information she has.
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9. Which legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?
DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
Part 2
Bob: Listen, donuts are made to bring joy into our lives and to wake up our glazed faculties. Just let them be distributed according to unchanging moral principles of justice. The donuts will distribute themselves according to natural principles. We just take what we want and the leftovers will be appreciated by those who enjoy them most. Don't over complicate this. Where's the chocolate milk?
End Part 2
o Critical legal studies school of thought.
o Historical perspective school of thought.
o Natural law school of thought.
o Irrational forces perspective.
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10. Sally and Kirk are at odds over the details of a business contract. Neither of them wants to go to court, but they both refuse to make a compromise on the terms they expect from one another. Which of the following would most easily force them to a resolution?
o Negotiation
o Legally-binding arbitration
o Non-binding arbitration
o Legally-binding mediation
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11. A television producer/director receives the following script designed to celebrate National Donut Day. As she reads it, it brings to her mind some principles of jurisprudence she learned in her college business law class.
Help her out: Which legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?
DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
Part 1
(The scene is a lunchroom or break room. There are at least three round tables visible and perhaps a vending machine, microwave, or refrigerator in the background. Of the three tables, no one is sitting at the center table as the scene opens.)
Karen: (She walks in carrying two big boxes of donuts and places them on the center table.) Allied Chemical just dropped these off to thank us for our work on the "Expressly Hair" project. Have fun. (She says unenthusiastically. She shows absolutely no interest in the donuts and quickly leaves. Everyone else, except Alison, immediately stands. Alison is still showing an interest in the goodies but not moving toward them. Joyce immediately positions herself between the donuts and Bob.)
Bob: It's a donut festival!
Joyce: (She moves to block and slow him, as if checking him in basketball.) Just wait a second! We have to first establish the rules.
Bob: Rules, in a donut festival?
Joyce: Yes rules. Last time donuts like these were brought in, Winfred got a broken nose and, once again, Alison didn't get any. We aren't animals. If we don't slow down, someone is going to accidentally eat the cardboard again.
Bob: Oh, no. Here we go. Where's the PowerPoint?
Joyce: There are guidelines in the employee handbook that have been developed over many years that detail out exactly what is to be done with these kind of employee gifts. (She opens a thick binder.) Nearly any scenario you can imagine has been detailed out in section 34 (b), including pastries from chemical companies. Practices and procedures have been set and we would be smart to follow them.
End Part 1
o Irrational forces perspective.
o Historical perspective school of thought.
o Natural law school of thought.
o Critical legal studies school of thought.
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12. Which legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?
DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
Part 5
Derek: We need someone we can trust who can divide up the donuts. One set of rules can't always be applied here. If we had an impartial judge or two in the mix, someone who doesn't like donuts perhaps, they could take into account all of the changing factors impacting our donut sphere and make up rules that will bring glazed-happiness to all who seek it.
End Part 5
o Irrational forces perspective.
o Sociological school of thought.
o Legal realism school of thought.
o Critical legal studies school of thought.
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13. A new law is established in the town of Avery that promotes affirmative action employment for people trans-gender and homosexual individuals. This law would be in pursuance of the tenets of the __________ school of jurisprudential thought.
o Law and Economics
o Sociological
o Command
o Irrational Forces
o Legal Realism
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14. The federal government passes a law which a company, JuneCorp, feels unjustifiably discriminates against the company and harms its ability to operate. Which law or principle of law which is most relevant to this situation?
o Procedural Due Process
o Substantive Due Process
o First Amendment
o Equal Protection Laws
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15. The government of Sharonville is deep in debt, and consequently enacts a city ordinance that requires citizens to do volunteer work for the city once per week. Such and act would be in accordance with the __________ school of jurisprudential thought.
o Sociological
o Legal Realism
o Law and Economics
o Irrational Forces
o Command
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16. Which legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?
DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
Part 4
Lee: Right. Inflexible rules, applied the same way every time and in every situation, are just a sign of corporate insanity. This is a company that knows how to adapt and make smart decisions based on the circumstances at hand. Remember when we found out that Allied Chemical hair gel accelerated hair growth at twice the industry standard . . . just before the hair would fall out? Remember what happened to Winfred after he tested out the stuff for us? Remember how happy Allied Chemical was with us when we figured how to market their goop anyway? Dogmatic rules are made to be broken by the enlightened and that's what we are now. We are officially "the enlightened" of the break room.
End Part 4
o Sociological school of thought.
o Irrational forces perspective.
o Legal realism school of thought.
o Critical legal studies school of thought.
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17. Which legal theory is illustrated in this dialogue?
DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
Part 3
Joyce: We had a lawsuit filed about this after the pastry rumble of 2017 and there was . . . oh yeah, I remember there were some specific rules that are detailed out in 34 (b), section 4.
Bob: Those stupid rules were made after Winfred face-planted in the donuts when he slipped trying to get past Alison. They don't apply here. There wouldn't even be donut rules if he'd paid attention to his own big feet.
End Part 3
o Irrational forces perspective.
o Natural law school of thought.
o Critical legal studies school of thought.
o Historical perspective school of thought.
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18. An appeals court feels that a lower court has made an incorrect judgment concerning a civil law case. Which of the following would be the mostly reason to remand the case back to the lower court?
o The appellate court found a mistake of law that occurred during the initial trial.
o The appellate court wants the lower court to handle the case, since it is a civil rather than criminal case.
o The appellate court wants to see more evidence before it can make an informed decision.
o The appellate court found a mistake of fact that occurred during the initial trial.
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19. Charlie is summoned for jury duty. While still in the selection process, it is discovered that one of the parties to the case used to be an old friend and neighbor of Charlie's. Which of the following would most likely happen?
o Charlie would be excluded through preemptory challenge.
o Charlie would be excluded for cause.
o Charlie can refuse to serve on the jury.
o Charlie would be preserved on the jury since he would have inside information about one of the parties.
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A relationship with one of the parties is substantial cause to remove a person from a jury.
20. Which jurisprudential school of thought relies the most upon precedent in establishing law?
o Historical
o Irrational Forces
o Natural Law
o Sociological
o Legal Realism
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21. The federal government passes a law which a company, JuneCorp, feels unjustifiably discriminates against the company and harms its ability to operate. Which of the following statements is true?
o JuneCorp can contest the legality of the law if it passes all three scrutiny tests employed by the courts.
o JuneCorp can contest the legality of the law if there is no evident state interest which substantiates the enforcement of the law.
o JuneCorp cannot contest the legality of the law if there is anything but a financial impact on the company because of the law.
o JuneCorp cannot contest the legality of the law, since the Equal Protection Clause applies to people rather than corporations.
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A court would need to determine that the law does not pass whichever scrutiny level applies to this situation. The key to overturning biased laws is proving that they do not further important state interests.
22. Which legal school of thought is illustrated in this dialogue?
DONUT DAY AT THE OFFICE
Part 8
(Just then Calvin, the fit CEO, comes jogging into the room with a water bottle in hand. He spots the donuts and shows his disgust.) Calvin: Why do people inflict such nasty, sugar-coated poison on all of us?! A healthy workplace is a happy workplace. (He takes both boxes of donuts, puts them in a small, dirty, battered trash can and steps on them to squash them down, making them suddenly inedible. He smiles at everyone as if they all agree that he has done them a great service.) That's my job as CEO, to help everyone realize a long and happy life! Cheers! (He runs from the room as everyone looks on in stunned silence. After a couple of seconds Bob collapses on the floor next to the garbage can, looking at the destroyed donuts as if they were a long-lost love.)
End Part 8
o Sociological school of thought.
o Command school of thought.
o Law and economics school of thought.
o Legal realism school of thought.
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23. Which of the following situations would not substantiate proper standing to sue?
o TreesForDays, an environmental activist group, wants to sue a company dumping chemicals into a river in a different state.
o Aniesha wants to sue her neighbor Robert after seeing him engage in criminal animal cruelty.
o Calvin wants to sue his sister after finding out she has been taking cash from the cash register at the family business.
o Tyler wants to sue Kevin after Kevin harms Tyler's sister in a car crash which leaves her sister in a coma.
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24. Which of the following situations would most likely receive a change of venue?
o A local teacher is taken to court after a video of him beating his students goes viral.
o A woman wants a change of venue when it appears that all jurors to the case will be male.
o An employer who is accused of racially-discriminatory practices wants a change of venue when it finds out that the local venue judge is African-American.
o A defendant in a case requests a change of venue because the location of the trial is inconveniently far away from the state where he lives.
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25. Sage files a complaint against Isabel, alleging that Isabel is responsible for damages to Sage's property. Isabel thinks the allegations are ridiculous and doesn't bother to respond to the complaint which she has been served. Which of the following is likely true?
o A court will not open a case or post a judgment until Isabel chooses to respond.
o A court can judge in Sage's favor because Isabel seems to be constructively admitting to Sage's allegations.
o A court can judge in Isabel's favor even if she doesn't respond if it appears Sages allegations are frivolous.
o A court can judge in Sage favor because Isabel is not bargaining in good faith.
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26. Casey is on trial under criminal allegations that she engaged in fraudulent behavior at the company she manages. She is worried when the plaintiff alleges that it has "unambiguous proof" that Casey is guilty. Which of the following is most likely true?
o Casey need not worry about the plaintiff's evidence, since parties tend to boast about the level of proof they can establish anyway.
o If the plaintiff provides proof only up to the level of "clear and convincing," Casey can still be acquitted.
o The plaintiff will most likely prove Casey is guilty, since criminal charges only need to meet a prima facie burden of proof.
o If the plaintiff does have unambiguous evidence that meets a "clear and convincing" burden of proof, Casey will most likely be found guilty.
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27. Adelyn is in a financial dispute with her creditor. She wants to declare bankruptcy because she is finding herself unable to meet the requirements of paying off her debt. Which court that would most likely address this situation?
o U.S. Bankruptcy Court
o U.S. Tax Court
o State Small Claims Court
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28. Radcliffe is a college business professor with little education but extensive experience in business. A treaty negotiating the free trade of educational opportunities was just passed between Canada and the U.S., and it includes a condition that all university professors must have at least a master's degree in order to teach. Which of the following is true?
o Radcliffe no longer meets the qualifications to teach.
o The treaty is only enforceable if it doesn't conflict with state law in Radcliffe's state.
o Radcliffe may still teach as long as he only teaches in the U.S.
o Radcliffe may not be restricted from teaching if his university has no rule concerning the need for a master's degree.
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29. Nation A is neighbors with Nation B. When an international crime lord who operates in both countries is captured by Nation A, it sentences him to a lifetime of heavy labor. Nation B wants to have the criminal executed, but it defers to Nation A's judgment. Which principle of International Law is at play?
o Sovereign Immunity
o Act of State Doctrine
o Comity of Nations
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30. Determine which moral standard of social responsibility the business is observing.
Meg's company decided to build an additional factory in a small community. When the community started a protest because of the negative impact it feels a factory will have on the community, Meg's company promises to prevent and pay for any negative impact to the community. It also offers to build a community park to balance out the negative impact the factory will have.
o Stakeholder Theory Moral Standard
o Moral Minimum Standard
o Profit-Maximizing Moral Standard
o Indeterminable
o Corporate Citizenship Moral Standard
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31. Anthony votes in favor of a bill which would prevent people above a certain level of income from being able to purchase subsidized housing. Which philosophy of ethics is applies here?
o Social Justice Theory
o Utilitarianism
o Virtue Ethics
o Kantianism
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32. Nation A makes is illegal for its citizens to own more than one vehicle in order to reduce emissions. Nation A's neighbor Nation B disagrees with the decision and refuses to enforce it in its own borders but refrains from contesting the decision in court. Which principle of International Law is at play?
o Sovereign Immunity
o Comity of Nations
o Act of State Doctrine
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33. Lula thinks that people who discipline their children by spanking should be sent to jail and says she would be glad to go to jail if she was caught spanking her child. Which philosophy of ethics is applicable?
o Virtue Ethics
o Kantianism
o Social Justice Theory
o Utilitarianism
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34. Silvia and her brother Clyde make a code of rules they have to follow together. The rules are as follows:
I) If Silvia bakes a cake, then Clyde can eat as much of it as he wants.
II) Silvia and Clyde can only go to movies they are both interested in seeing.
III) Every time Clyde borrows Silvia's car, he must put some gas in it. Silvia must do the same when she borrows Clyde's motorcycle.
IV) If Clyde makes a cobbler, Silvia can eat as much of it as she wants.
Which ethical philosophies are represented in these rules?
o Social justice theory only
o Social justice theory and Kantian ethics
o Kantian ethics and utilitarianism
o Social justice theory and Kantian ethics
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Items I and IV balance out, reflecting Kantian ethics. Item III reflects Kantian ethics as well. Item II reflects utilitarianism.
35. Determine which moral standard of social responsibility the business is observing.
Vivian's company is considering building a huge new department store in a small town. The community argues that the store will disrupt local commerce and harm local business owners. Vivian argues that the store will save money for customers and bring more jobs to the community. Assume both arguments are true.
o Stakeholder Theory Moral Standard
o Profit-Maximizing Moral Standard
o Moral Minimum Standard
o Indeterminable
o Corporate Citizenship Moral Standard
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36. NoraCorp wants to meet a moral minimum of ethical behavior in its operations. It is planning a merger with another company which would cause any or all of the following:
I) Stock price will go up, positively impacting shareholders
II) The company could build a new central headquarters, negatively impacting landowners and community members by decreasing property values
III) The company could fire 200 employees
IV) The company could afford a new production facility, which would negatively impact the environment and landowners' property
V) The company could offer more, higher-quality products to customers for lower cost, positively impacting them.
NoreCorp decides to move forward with the merger. All of the above events occur, but NoraCorp offers severance packages to the employees it fires and plans to compensate landowners for damages caused by the new production facility. Which of the following is true?
o NoraCorp has not met its moral minimum requirements.
o NoraCorp has met its moral minimum requirements.
o NoraCorp has exceeded its moral minimum requirements, meeting g a corporate citizenship standard.
o It is impossible to determine whether the company has met a moral minimum standard of ethical behavior.
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The company is compensating for some of its negative impacts (severance packages, compensation to landowners near the production facility). It is also not perfectly addressing some shareholders' interests (community members at the new headquarters, fired employees have no job, and environmental damage is paid for rather then prevented.) The company is "in the middle" of meeting ethical standards and strongly pursuing social responsibilities.
37. Determine which moral standard of social responsibility the business is observing.
Brad's company has a smokestack that pollutes the air in a nearby community. When people begin complaining about the pollution, the company pays to have a stack scrubber installed on the smokestack to limit the pollution but does not respond to the community's complaints.
o Profit-Maximizing Moral Standard
o Stakeholder Theory Moral Standard
o Corporate Citizenship Moral Standard
o Indeterminable
o Moral Minimum Standard
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38. Nation A builds a new highway next to citizens' properties. In the months following, littering as well as several highway accidents result in damage to the properties. The property owners want to sue the government for damages, but are restrained by:
o Sovereign Immunity
o Act of State Doctrine
o Comity of Nations
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39. Finley steals from a greedy CEO in order to give money to a large number of poor people. Which philosophy of ethics is applicable?
o Virtue Ethics
o Social Justice Theory
o Kantianism
o Utilitarianism
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40. Determine which moral standard of social responsibility the business is observing.
Genie's company is considering building an annex to its main factory. While deciding on the project, the board of directors discusses the impact the the annex would have on the local community, shareholders, company profits, and nearby landowners.
o Moral Minimum Standard
o Indeterminable
o Corporate Citizenship Moral Standard
o Profit-Maximizing Moral Standard
o Stakeholder Theory Moral Standard
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