Ashford BUS308 Week 4 TourisTopia (chapter 13)Ashford BUS308 Week 4 Chapter 13 Assignment

Question 1

Exercise 13.11 (Analysis of Variance and the Completely Randomized Design)

How long it takes paint to dry can have an impact on the production capacity of a business. In May , Deal's Auto Body & Paint in Prescott, Arizona, invested in a paint-drying robot to speed up its process (The Daily Courier website, https://www.dcourier.com/photos/2018/may/26/984960336/). An interesting question is, "Do all paint-drying robots have the same drying time?" To test this, suppose we sample five drying times for each of different brands of paint-drying robots. The time in minutes until the paint was dry enough for a second coat to be applied was recorded. The following data were obtained.

Click on the datafile logo to reference the data.

Robot 1	Robot 2	Robot 3	Robot 4
128	144	133	150
137	133	143	142
135	142	137	135
124	146	136	140
141	130	131	153

At the level of significance, test to see whether the mean drying time is the same for each brand of robot.

Compute the values identified below (to decimals, if necessary).

Sum of Squares, Treatment
Sum of Squares, Error
Mean Squares, Treatment
Mean Squares, Error

Calculate the value of the test statistic (to decimals).

The -value is

What is your conclusion?

Question 2

Exercise 13.15 Algo (Multiple Comparison Procedures)

To test whether the mean time needed to mix a batch of material is the same for machines produced by three manufacturers, the Jacobs Chemical Company obtained the following data on the time (in minutes) needed to mix the material.

Manufacturer
	1	2	3
	17	28	23
	23	26	22
	21	31	26
	19	27	25

a. Use these data to test whether the population mean times for mixing a batch of material differ for the three manufacturers. Use .

Compute the values below (to decimals, if necessary).

Sum of Squares, Treatment
Sum of Squares, Error
Mean Squares, Treatment
Mean Squares, Error

Calculate the value of the test statistic (to decimals).

The -value is

What is your conclusion?

b. At the level of significance, use Fisher's LSD procedure to test for the equality of the means for manufacturers and .

Calculate Fisher's LSD Value (to decimals).

What conclusion can you draw after carrying out this test?

Question 3

In the digital age of marketing, special care must be taken to ensure that programmatic ads appear on websites aligned with a company's strategy, culture, and ethics. For example, in , Nordstrom, Amazon, and Whole Foods each faced boycotts from social media users when automated ads for these companies showed up on the Breitbart website (ChiefMarketer.com website). It is important for marketing professionals to understand a company's values and culture. The following data are from an experiment designed to investigate the perception of corporate ethical values among individuals specializing in marketing (higher scores indicate higher ethical values).

Marketing Managers	Marketing Research	Advertising
6	5	6
5	5	7
4	4	6
5	4	5
6	5	6
4	4	6

a. Use to test for a significant difference in perception among the three groups.

Compute the values identified below (to decimals, if necessary).

Sum of Squares, Treatment
Sum of Squares, Error
Mean Squares, Treatment
Mean Squares, Error

Calculate the value of the test statistic (to decimals).

The -value is

What is your conclusion?

b. Using , determine where differences between the mean perception scores occur.

Calculate Fisher's LSD value (to decimals).

Test whether there is a significant difference between the means for marketing managers ( ), marketing research specialists ( ), and advertising specialists ( ).

	Absolute Value
Difference	(to decimal)	Conclusion

 

Question 4

n experiment has been conducted for four treatments with eight blocks. Complete the following analysis of variance table (to decimals but p-value to decimals, if necessary). If answer is zero enter " ".

Source	Sum	Degrees	Mean
of Variation	of Squares	of Freedom	Square		-value
Treatments
Blocks
Error
Total

Use to test for any significant differences.

The -value is

What is your conclusion?

Question 5

Are there differences in airfare depending on which travel agency website you utilize? The following data were collected on travel agency websites on July , . The following table contains the prices in U.S. dollars for a one-way ticket between the cities listed on the left for each of the three travel agency websites. Here the pairs of cities are the blocks and the treatments are the different websites.

Click on the datafile logo to reference the data.

	Websites
Flight From ‒ To	Expedia ($)		TripAdvisor ($)		Priceline ($)
Atlanta to Seattle	176.00		166.00		175.80
New York to Los Angeles	195.00		195.00		206.20
Cleveland to Orlando	77.00		72.00		76.21
Dallas to Indianapolis	149.00		149.00		148.20

Use to test for any significant differences in the mean price of a one-way airline ticket for the three travel agency websites. If your answer is zero, enter " ".

Source	SS		MS	F	P-value	F crit
of variation	(to decimals)	df	(to decimals)	(to decimals)	(to decimals)	(to decimals)
Trip
Website
Error
Total

The -value corresponding to Website is

.

What is your conclusion?

We the null hypothesis that there is no difference in price among the three websites. 

Question 6

A study reported in The Accounting Review examined the separate and joint effects of two levels of time pressure (low and moderate) and three levels of knowledge (naive, declarative, and procedural) on key word selection behavior in tax research. Subjects were given a tax case containing a set of facts, a tax issue, and a key word index consisting of key words. They were asked to select the key words they believed would refer them to a tax authority relevant to resolving the tax case. Prior to the experiment, a group of tax experts determined that the text contained relevant key words. Subjects in the naive group had little or no declarative or procedural knowledge, subjects in the declarative group had significant declarative knowledge but little or no procedural knowledge, and subjects in the procedural group had significant declarative knowledge and procedural knowledge. Declarative knowledge consists of knowledge of both the applicable tax rules and the technical terms used to describe such rules. Procedural knowledge is knowledge of the rules that guide the tax researcher's search for relevant key words. Subjects in the low time pressure situation were told they had minutes to complete the problem, an amount of time which should be "more than adequate" to complete the case; subjects in the moderate time pressure situation were told they would have "only" minutes to complete the case. Suppose subjects were selected for each of the six treatment combinations and the sample means for each treatment combination are as follows (standard deviations are in parentheses).

Excel File: data13-33.xlsx

		Knowledge
		Naive	Declarative	Procedural
	Low	1.13 (1.12)	1.56 (1.33)	2.00 (1.54)
Time Pressure
	Moderate	0.48 (0.80)	1.68 (1.36)	2.86 (1.80)

Use the ANOVA procedure to test for any significant differences due to time pressure, knowledge, and interaction. Use a level of significance. Assume that the total sum of squares for this experiment is

Letting Time Pressure be Factor A and Knowledge be Factor B, show the entries in the ANOVA table (to decimals, if necessary). Do not round intermediate calculations. If your answer is zero, enter "0".

Source of Variation	Sum of Squares	Degrees of Freedom	Mean Square	F	p-value (to decimals)
Factor A
Factor B
Interaction
Error
Total

The -value for Factor A is

What is your conclusion with respect to Factor A?

The -value for Factor B is

What is your conclusion with respect to Factor B?

The -value for the interaction of factors A and B is

What is your conclusion with respect to the interaction of Factors A and B?

Question 7

A Pew Research study conducted in found that approximately of Americans believe that robots and computers might one day do many of the jobs currently done by people (Pew Research website, http://www.pewinternet.org/2017/10/04/americans-attitudes-toward-a-future-in-which-robots-and-computers-can-do-many-human-jobs/). Suppose we have the following data collected from nurses, tax auditors, and fast-food workers in which a higher score means the person feels his or her job is more likely to be automated.

	Tax	Fast-Food
Nurse	Auditor	Worker
4	4	5
5	5	7
5	4	6
3	6	4
3	6	5
5	5	6
6	6	5
5	6	8

a. Use to test for differences in the belief that a person's job is likely to be automated for the three professions.

(to decimals)

The -value is

.

What is your conclusion?

We

the null hypothesis that the mean scores are the same for the three professions.

b. Use Fisher's LSD procedure to compare the belief that a person's job will be automated for nurses and tax auditors.

(to decimals)

What is your conclusion?

We

the null hypothesis that the two population means are equal.

Question 8

A factorial experiment was designed to test for any significant differences in the time needed to perform English to foreign language translations with two computerized language translators. Because the type of language translated was also considered a significant factor, translations were made with both systems for three different languages: Spanish, French, and German. Use the following data for translation time in hours.

	Language
	Spanish	French	German
System 1	6	14	15
	10	18	19
System 2	10	12	14
	14	14	20

Test for any significant differences due to language translator system (Factor A), type of language (Factor B), and interaction. Use .

Complete the following ANOVA table (to decimals, if necessary). Round your p-value to decimal places.

Source of Variation	Sum of Squares	Degrees of Freedom	Mean Square	F	p-value
Factor A
Factor B
Interaction
Error
Total

The p-value for Factor A is

What is your conclusion with respect to Factor A?

The p-value for Factor B is

What is your conclusion with respect to Factor B?

The p-value for the interaction of factors A and B is

What is your conclusion with respect to the interaction of Factors A and B?

 

Ashford BUS308 Week 5 NASCAR (chapter 15)Ashford BUS308 Week 5 Discussion Case Problem Predicting Winnings for NASCAR Drivers

Multiple Regression: Case Problem Predicting Winnings for NASCAR Drivers [WLOs: 1, 2, 3] [CLOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7]

Prior to beginning work on this discussion forum, watch the Week 5 Introduction (Links to an external site.) video, and read Chapter 15 in the MindTap ebook by clicking on the Getting Ready link for each perspective chapter.

Step 1: Read

• Review Case Problem 2: Predicting Winnings for NASCAR Drivers download from Chapter 15 of the ebook.

Step 2: Do

• Run a Regression for the Data File NASCAR (Chapter 15) using the video How to Add Excel's Data Analysis ToolPak (Links to an external site.) for assistance.

In a managerial report,

• Suppose you wanted to predict Winnings ($) using only the number of poles won (Poles), the number of wins (Wins), the number of top five finishes (Top 5), or the number of top ten finishes (Top 10). Which of these four variables provides the best single predictor of winnings?
• Develop an estimated regression equation that can be used to predict Winnings ($) given the number of poles won (Poles), the number of wins (Wins), the number of top five finishes (Top 5), and the number of top ten (Top 10) finishes. Test for individual significance, and then discuss your findings and conclusions.

Step 3: Discuss:

• What did you find in your analysis of the data? Were there any surprising results? What recommendations would you make based on your findings? Include details from your managerial report to support your recommendations.

 

ACC202 Week 2 Discussion 2 Operating Leverage

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the Investing Newsletter of Forbes Operating Leverage (Links to an external site.). The Finnish company Rovio Entertainment Corporation (Links to an external site.) that produces and sells the game Angry Birds, following years of falling earnings, job cuts and divestments announced that its revenue increased 34% in 2016 to 190 million euros ($201 million dollars). According to Rosendahl, the operating result improved to a profit of 17.5 million euros from a loss of 21 million in 2015, increasing earnings by 83% (Rosendahl, 2017). In 2015, Rovio Entertainment Corporation announced that its revenues for 2014 decreased nine percent compared to those of 2013; even worse, its earnings had decreased by 73% (Read the article, Investors Take Flight After Angry Birds Maker Warns on Profit (Links to an external site.)).

After reading Forbes' Investing Newsletter, in an initial post of at least 200 words, explain why relatively small changes in companies' revenues can result in relatively large changes in their earnings or losses. In other words, if a company's sales increase 12%, why do its earnings not also increase 12%?

 

 

Ashford BUS308 Week 1 Assignment Exercise 03.31 (Measures of Variability)

According to the Consumer Expenditure Survey, Americans spend an average of on cellular phone service annually (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics website). Suppose that we wish to determine if there are differences in cellular phone expenditures by age group. Therefore, samples of consumers were selected for three age groups ( , , and older). The annual expenditure for each person in the sample is provided in the table below.

Click on the datafile logo to reference the data.
a. Compute the mean, variance, and standard deviation for each of these three samples. Round your answers to one decimal place.
 b. What observations can be made based on these data?

The age group that spends the least amount on cellular phone service is
and the age group that spends the biggest amount on cellular phone service is

 

Ashford ACC202 Week 5 Discussion 2 Capital Budgeting Decisions

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the article Capital Investment Appraisal Techniques: A Survey of Current Usage (Links to an external site.) by Sangster (1993).

After setting the company's goals, managers evaluate capital investment projects and decide which should be funded. Suppose a company has four different capital budgeting projects from which to choose but has constrained funds and cannot implement all of the projects.

The following table contains information about four projects in which X Corporation has the opportunity to invest. This information is based on estimates that different managers have prepared about the company's potential project.

Project	Investment Required	Net Present Value	Life of Project	Internal Rate of Return	Profitability Index	Payback Period in Years	Accounting Rate of Return
A	$ 226,000	$ 36,908	5	21%	1.17	2.97	20%
B	$ 406,000	$ 50,740	6	24%	1.13	3.13	15%
C	$1,040,000	$152,325	3	19%	1.16	2.18	14%
D	$1,630,000	$ 19,870	4	14%	1.02	3.00	23%

 

Part 1: Rank the four projects in order of preference by using the following table:

	(a) Net Present Value	(b) Profitability Index	(c) Internal Rate of Return	(d) Payback Period	(e) Average Rate of Return
1st preferred	Project A, B, C, or D?
2nd preferred
3rd preferred
4th preferred

 

Part 2: Write a response in an initial post of at least 200 words discussing the usefulness of capital investment techniques (net present value, profitability index, internal rate of return, payback period, and average rate of return) in selecting the four alternative investment opportunities in part 1.

 

Ashford ACC202 Week 5 Discussion 1 Capital Expenditures at General Dollar

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the article by Hayley Peterson, 15 Companies That Are Defying the Retail Meltdown by Opening Hundreds of New Stores (Links to an external site.).

While many retailers are closing stores, some are rapidly building new locations, with at least one—Dollar General (NYSE: DG)—adding as many as 900 stores this year (Peterson, 2018).

Obtain Dollar General's Form 10-K for the fiscal year ending on December 31, 2017. Form 10-K can be obtained either from the SEC (Links to an external site.)'s EDGAR Filing system or the "Investor Relations" link on the company's website at www.dollargeneral.com (Links to an external site.). Read the "Growth Strategies" and the "Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows" sections of Dollar General's 10-K Form to answer the following questions in an initial post of at least 200 words:

• How many stores is Dollar General planning to open during its 2018 and 2019 fiscal years? By what percentage would these new stores increase the size of the company?
• How much cash did General Dollar spend on investing activities during its 2016, 2017, and 2018 fiscal years? Do you think the amount spent on investing activities represents the full costs that General Dollar incurred to open new stores? Explain you answer.
• Where did General Dollar get the cash used to make these investments?

 

Ashford ACC202 Week 4 Discussion 2 Budget of the U.S. Government

Prior to beginning work on this discussion, please read the Budget of the United States Government (Links to an external site.).

Congress is responsible for creating the federal government's annual budget. For agencies and their programs to be funded, Congressional authorization committees must pass, and the President must sign, all 12 authorization bills by September 30—the last day of the current fiscal year—so the country can have a new budget in time for the start of the next fiscal year (USA.gov, n.d.).

Access the Government Publishing Office (Links to an external site.) to obtain Historical Budgetary Tables following the steps below:

• Click on the link to access the Budget of the United States Government (Links to an external site.)
• Click on the "Fiscal Year 2018" link
• Scroll down and select "Historical Tables"
• Obtain the .xls (Excel) file format of Table 1.1 and Table 1.2 to complete the two requirements below:
• Table 1.2 shows the budget of Surpluses or Deficits (–) as Percentages of gross domestic product (GDP). Determine how many times since 1950 the budget has shown a surplus and how many times it has shown a deficit using the data in the Total column, "Surplus or Deficit." Also, identify the 3 years with the highest deficits, and the year with the highest surplus as a as a percentage of GDP. What were the surplus and deficit percentages for these years?
• Table 1.1 shows the budget Summary of Receipts, Outlays, and Surpluses or Deficits (–) from 1789–2022. Identify whether the highest deficits incurred in the identified years from Table 1.2 were paid with tax revenues (receipts) or borrowed funds (outlays). Discuss how the government gets money and where the government spends money on.
• Click on the "Fiscal Year 2018" link, scroll down and obtain the PDF file for "Major Savings and Reforms" to complete the last requirement. The Major Savings and Reforms volume describes major savings and reform proposals included in the 2018 President's Budget.
• Discuss major discretionary budget eliminations. Why is it important that government budgets accurately estimate future revenues during economic downturns?

Your initial post must be a minimum of 200 words