Ashworth Semester Exam E13V Early Childhood Literacy

Question 1
Families can create a loving and emotionally supportive environment for children by?:
providing good nutrition.
maintaining a safe environment for exploration.
participating in active play and positive attention.
All of the above

Question 2
If you noticed an infant wanted a ball but couldn't reach it and you were interested in developing a sign for ball, you should:
form a ball-like hand sign, say ball, and give it to him.
watch to see if he could reach or give him a toy rake to use.
wait until he made a sign before giving the ball.
ask his parents if he has a sign for ball.

Question 3
Many children who are enrolled in special speech and language treatment programs in lower elementary school:
have a history of middle ear infections.
come from middle-class neighborhoods.
did not attend preschools.
have parents who cannot read.

Question 4
The "multiple literacies" that young children who live in cultures different from the American mainstream culture experience:
can be corrected at school if teachers are supplied with the right teaching aids.
causes kindergarten teachers problems.
creates divisiveness in classrooms.
can prove to be advantageous and promote literacy skill development.

Question 5
An overall plan for the content of instruction to be offered in a program is:
a model.
curriculum.
the theme.
a lesson plan.

Question 6
Which is NOT true in regards to boys and reading instruction?
Boys have more reading problems.
Boys take longer to learn.
Boys have more enthusiasm for reading.
Boys don't perform as well on standardized reading tests.

Question 7
Poetry that is often ridiculous and whimsical is:
a limerick.
free verse.
nonsense poetry.
lyric melodic.

Question 8
When planning group times, remember to:
let the children decide when group time ends.
stop before enthusiasm wanes.
complete whatever has been planned before dismissing children.
choose one child each day to determine when the group time ends.

Question 9
A teacher and her students share a pen and collaboratively compose a written message about a field trip they took. This is called:
interactive writing.
group writing.
emergent writing.
prewriting.

Question 10
Mrs. Smith is setting up her classroom including her new computers. According to the text, she will:
not need a printer.
need five to six computers for any positive effect.
organize the room to allow space for the computer in a quiet corner blocked off with bookshelves.
put the computer in a central location that is highly visible.

Ashworth Semester Exam E06V Creative Expression and Play

Question 1
Creative potential refers to an individual's capacity for behaving in creative ways and includes:
cognitive inabilities.
cognitive processes.
group dispositions.
creative inabilities.

Question 2
When children engage in possibility thinking more frequently and are encouraged to experience new and atypical solutions they become all of the following EXCEPT:
more confident in their ability to solve problems.
more adept at possibility thinking.
more likely to acquire the habit of thinking creatively.
less confident in their ability to solve problems.

Question 3
A group of third graders have been begging to play the new board games that were purchased by the parent/teacher group for their classroom, but the teacher is unsure about how to proceed because he doesn't think that a couple of the students would handle games well. What should the teacher do?
Avoid using the games until the children in question are absent or working with an aide.
Organize the games from simple to complex, introduce them one at a time, demonstrate the object and rules of each game, provide children with guided practice, and assign children to small groups—based on their strengths and interests.
Reserve the games as a reward for the top students who have completed all of their work.
Store the board games on a high shelf and use them during indoor recess only.

Question 4
A toddler pretending to drink from her empty cup is considered ____________ play.
cooperative
associative
solitary
symbolic

Question 5
Representational art:
combines shapes to make mandalas.
shows planning and inclusion of details.
names scribbles.
makes scribbles on top of scribble

Question 6
Older children who enact their own scripts base them on:
content-based ideas.
historical time periods.
real-life, problem-solving experiences.
plays the teacher gives them to enact.

Question 7
Which theory/perspective correlates with using I-messages?
Cognitive developmental theory
Humanistic
Behavioral
Social learning

Question 8
Which of the following should be considered in portfolio development?
Competence, Cooperation, Collaboration, Cognition, Community
Celebration, Cognition, Communication, Cooperation, Competency
Communication, Collaboration, Celebration, Capability, Cognition
Cooperation, Capability, Collaboration, Competence, Communication

Question 9
After indoor recess, a first-grade teacher notices that children have left toys, games, and puzzle pieces scattered throughout the room. How can the teacher best address students' responsibility in cleaning up their materials?
Stay after school to clean up after the children so that the custodian is not upset.
Inform students that none of the centers will be available again if they don't put things away neatly.
Assign seatwork instead of indoor recess the following week.
Model and practice how to put materials away and stop the play several minutes in advance to allow for this to become part of the children's daily routine.

Question 10
Modeling materials allows children to explore, manipulate, discover, create, and observe changes in physical properties. Children can learn about ________ while manipulating materials.
consistency
form
function
gravity

Ashworth Semester Exam E04V Guidance and Discipline

Question 1
When children or adults react impulsively to stressors, the "fight-or-flight" region of our brain, known as ____________ takes over.
the cerebellum
the amygdala
myelinization
executive function

Question 2
Research has shown that movement affects brain chemistry and can be an effective tool for managing:
emotional stress.
conflict solution.
discipline.
physical stress.

Question 3
Friendship skills involve all of the following EXCEPT:
sharing.
rejecting help.
turn-taking.
paying compliments.

Question 4
________ are the key to long-term, enduring success for children.
Families
Rewards
Compliments
Routines

Question 5
Schools have traditionally used a power model rather than a(n) _________ model for handling conflict.
intimidation
resolution
authoritarian
negotiation

Question 6
First grade teacher, Ms. Gupta, tries hard not to protect children from learning through their mistakes. She is _______________ because she knows children learn through their experiences and that learning takes time.
ultimatums
planning ahead
shirking responsibility
avoiding overprotection

Question 7
The nature of a reward and punishment system __________ relationships between children and the adults they depend on.
damages
enhances
authenticates.
Engages

Question 8
_____________ is a critical foundation in development.
Unpredictability
Stress
Security
Attachment

Question 9
________ reflects the unique blending of characteristics among individuals within groups and may include socioeconomic status, life experiences, gender, language, education, sexual orientation, psychological state, and political viewpoints.
Diversity
Culture
Individualism
Awareness

Question 10
Children sometimes learn to get their emotional needs met in counterproductive ways, like gaining attention for undesirable behavior, encouraging the behavior to continue. In this case, the needed discipline approach involves:
negative reinforcement.
more praise.
reteaching.
ultimatums.

Ashworth Semester Exam E03V Curriculum Development

E03V : Curriculum Development

Question 1
The reason teachers need to know what constitutes typical ages and growth sequences is because:
knowing what is typical for a developmental level helps teachers identify behavior that is definitely atypical.
typical children should reach identical stages of development at identical times.
teachers should not try to teach children their ABC's because kindergarten teachers are supposed to do that.
research reveals that children from a variety of cultures all develop at the same rate in just about every area.

Question 2
In the United States, one in every __________ children will live below the poverty level at some point during their childhood.
2
3
4
5

Question 3
Restlessness during group time can be alleviated by:
having children sit in small chairs.
alternating girls and boys.
offering it earlier in the morning.
allowing some children to play outside.

Question 4
The best way to keep unit blocks clean is to:
soak them in water with a cleaner such as Spic and Span, and scrub them thoroughly.
allow children to use them only on the carpeted area.
make certain the children wash their hands before touching them.
wax them with paste wax before using them for the first time.

Question 5
_________ has to do with how well the test predicts future outcomes.
Predictive validity
Reliability
Content validity
Population sampling

Question 6
The average five-year old has not developed enough to:
jump rope.
mentally enjoy games with rules.
walk backward.
be totally independent with toileting.

Question 7
Which of Erikson's stages includes children who are now interested in reaching out to the world around him or her, wants to be part of a group, and is interested in the effect his or her actions have on other people?
Trust versus Mistrust
Autonomy versus Shame and Doubt
Initiative versus Guilt
Industry versus Inferiority

Question 8
Infants and toddlers can:
communicate through body movement.
engage in sensory experiences with materials.
begin to explore simple materials such as dough, finger paint.
All of the above

Question 9
The children who are likely to need the most help in developing language fluency at school are those children who:
are nonverbal at home and at school.
are bilingual—speaking one language at home and a different one at school.
are African American and use African American English at home.
stutter or have other serious speech impediments.

Question 10
Arranging events as they occur in time is an example of:
Piagetian seriation.
temporal ordering.
arranging events according to a graduated scale.
Hornblow's theory of systematic sequence.

Ashworth Semester Exam E02V Child Development

E02V : Child Development
Question 1
Skinner is associated with:
maturational theory.
operant conditioning.
ecological theory.
psychoanalytic theory.

Question 2
Correlational studies:
indicate causes rather than relationships.
look at the nature of the relationship between two sets of measurements.
look at the nature of the relationship between three sets of measurements.
indicates effects rather than relationships.

Question 3
Throughout prenatal development there are critical periods during which:
babies are learning something from sensory input.
organs are forming and are vulnerable to insult.
the expectant mother is particularly susceptible to disease.
embryo/fetus and mother are at their physiological strongest.

Question 4
What are newborns routinely tested for?
PKU
AIDS
diabetes
allergy to milk

Question 5
During which of the following periods do growth rates level-off and only later proceed at a rapid pace?
Infancy from birth to 6 months of age
Toddler/preschool period
Puberty
Adulthood

Question 6
_______ involves the ability to receive information and comprehend it.
Expressive language
Receptive language
Motherese
Child-directed language

Question 7
Which of the following is NOT one of Halliday's seven functions of language?
Instrumental
Irrational
Regulatory
Personal

Question 8
Most basic motor skills evolve rapidly from birth and do so:
as a result of training.
without specific training.
only if the child is of average weight.
with constant encouragement from adults.

Question 9
When children talk about their writing, what they have discussed, or their scripts, they are engaging in:
metacommunication.
reversals.
cognition discussion.
alphabetic principle.

Question 10
Mr. Lunn's first-grade class is walking down the hall. They are remembering to use their "walking feet." This is an example of:
permissive discipline.
an awareness of registers.
rule bounding.
altruism.

Ashworth Semester Exam E01V Careers in Early Childhood Education

Question 1
The Perry Preschool Project, from the early 1960s, looked at former participants at age 40 and saw that they were significantly MORE likely to:
own their own homes.
earn below the national average.
have earned a GED.
be employed in a service industry.

Question 2
The "competent child" viewpoint shifted which toys are purchased for children, emphasizing educational value rather than:
cost.
fun.
creativity.
durability.

Question 3
 A written plan that describes knowledge and skills to be taught in the educational program and the learning experiences through which teaching takes place is:
a lesson plan.
curriculum.
a syllabus.
methodology.

Question 4
According to Erikson's theory of Psychosocial Development, when do individuals deal with the crisis of "Industry vs. inferiority"?
Preschool age - 3 to 5 years
Adolescence - 10 to 20 years
Elementary school-age - 6 to 12 years
Infancy - birth to 1 year

Question 5
Which is an example of a functional skill?
Opening doors
Stringing beads
Playing a musical instrument
Riding a bicycle

Question 6
What is a family said to have if there is closeness, concern, caring, and interaction in the family?
Protective factors
Loving factors
Clear boundaries
Good parenting skills

Question 7
Working collaboratively to solve a problem or clarify a concept is called:
open-ended questioning.
scaffolding.
direct instruction.
co-construction.

Question 8
At what age do children typically realize that print carries a message?
6 to 12 months
12 to 24 months
2 years old
3 to 4 years old

Question 9
Which is TRUE regarding physical development?
The sequence starts with the extremities and works its way inward.
The process is the same for every child.
The direction starts at the top of the head and works its way downward to the tip of the toes.
The first thing children can do is the pincer grasp.

Question 10
Which of the following would be an example of an item that would be seen on a developmental continuum?
A child can write the first letter of his name.
Children first make marks on a page, then draw a line, then shapes.
Children can recite the alphabet before they reach kindergarten.
A child is able to answer questions based on the story read by the teacher.

Ashworth Semester Exam C17V College Mathematics

Question 1
It is 76 miles from Waterton to Middleton. It is 87 miles from Middleton to Oak Hill. Driving directly, it is 134 miles from Waterton to Oak Hill. It is 39 miles from Oak Hill to Jackson. If Juan drives from Waterton to Middleton, then from Middleton to Oak Hill, and finally home to Waterton, how many miles does he drive 
249
307

297

336

Question 2
Divide 0 ÷ 17. Check by multiplying.
1

17

0

Undefined

Question 3
The following test scores were recorded for a student: 99, 69, 96, 69, 78. Find the mean, median, and mode. Round to the nearest hundredth.
Mean: 102.8 Median: 87 Mode: 69

Mean: 82.2 Median: 78 Mode: 69

Mean: 85.5 Median: 96 Mode: 99

Mean: 82.2 Median: 78 Mode: 99

Question 4
Multiply 9009 x 0.6006.
545.9454

5945.94

5302.58929

5410.8054


Question 5
8251 is 127% of what number? Round to the nearest tenth, if necessary.
649.7

6496.9

65

649685.039


Question 6
Convert 55°C to degrees Fahrenheit. Round to the nearest tenth of a degree, if necessary.
13°F

67°F

48.6°F

131°F
Question 7
A bag contains 8 red marbles, 5 blue marbles, 8 yellow marbles, and 6 green marbles. What is the probability of choosing a red marble if a single choice is made from the bag?
1/27

1/4

8/19

8/27


Question 8
The Green County school system has 2,997 high school students, 3,831 middle school students, and 5,084 elementary school students. How many total students are in the Green County school system?
11912

11820

11967

11872
Question 9
Solve 0.3 = -15z.
-0.02

-0.2

-5

-50


Question 10
Solve 3x – 1.1 = 0.7.
0.06

0.7

6

0.6