Ashworth Semester Exam SC160 Basic Biology

SC160 : Basic Biology
Question 1
Relative to prokaryotic cells, eukaryotic cells are usually:
larger and more complex.
smaller and simpler.
larger and equally complex.
smaller and more complex.

Question 2
The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called:
bonding.
cohesion.
polarity.
adhesion.

Question 3
You find a cell of a type you have never seen before. The cell has both a nucleus and a cell wall. Therefore, you conclude that it must be a __________ cell.
prokaryotic
animal
bacterial
plant

Question 4
Plants use photosynthesis to:
store chemical energy, and they use cellular respiration to harvest energy.
store as well as harvest chemical energy.
harvest energy, and they use cellular respiration to store chemical energy.
obtain carbon dioxide.

Question 5
Alleles are described as:
homologous chromosomes.
environmental factors that affect gene expression.
alternate versions of a gene.
alternate phenotypes.

Question 6
The process of making multiple copies of a gene by inserting it into a host genome and culturing the host is an example of:
gene cloning.
industrial genetic engineering.
gene amplification.
gene pharming.

Question 7
What type of reproductive isolating mechanism is described by a situation in which female fireflies only mate with males who emit light in a particular pattern?
Habitat isolation
Temporal isolation
Mechanical isolation
Behavioral isolation

Question 8
Mutualistic associations of plant roots and fungi are called:
mycorrhizae.
mycelia.
mycophyta.
myrmecochores.

Question 9
Ecology is the study of:
life.
human effects on the environment.
interactions between humans and other species.
interactions between organisms and their environments.

Question 10
Populations of two coexisting species are both tertiary consumers in a community. What relationship may exist between these two organisms?
Predation
Mutualism
Competition
Commensalism

Ashworth Semester Exam SC14S Elements of Chemistry

SC14S : Elements of Chemistry
Ozone is considered an air pollutant in the __________ but is a valuable protective layer in the __________.
troposphere; stratosphere
stratosphere; mesosphere
stratosphere; troposphere
mesosphere; stratosphere

The periodicity of the properties of elements is chiefly due to the:
numbers of electrons in the atoms of the elements.
distribution of electrons in the atoms of the elements.
numbers of neutrons and electrons in the atoms of the elements.
Both the numbers of electrons in the atoms of the elements and the distribution of electrons in the atoms of the elements.

The carbon cycle refers to:
the mechanism by which carbon dioxide causes global warming.
the frequency of light energy that affects the rotational energy of carbon dioxide.
the oxidation of glucose to form carbon dioxide and water.
the movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, the sea, and the earth.

Thermal energy:
decreases as the temperature of a body increases.
is characterized by the random motion of molecules.
is the only form of energy that can be transformed into work with 100% efficiency.
causes the mass of a body to increase.

Which statement concerning groundwater is correct?
Any water found above ground that needs treatment to remove contaminants
Any water found above ground that is usually free of contaminants
Any water pumped from wells that have been drilled into underground aquifers that needs treatment to remove contaminants
Any water pumped from wells drilled into underground aquifers that is usually free from harmful contaminants

Fission is the process of creating energy by:
combining small nuclei to form a larger, more stable nucleus.
combining small nuclei to form a larger, less stable nucleus.
splitting large nuclei with bombarding protons.
splitting large nuclei with bombarding neutrons.

A polymer is a large molecule:
held together by hydrogen bonds.
made up of long chains of atoms covalently bonded together.
made up of large lattice structure held together by ionic bonds.
always made up of identical monomer units.

The father of modern medicine, Hippocrates, described making a "tea" that was effective against fever by boiling willow bark. Years later the active ingredient was isolated and chemically modified to produce the drug we now know as:
acetaminophen.
aspirin.
ibuprofen.
penicillin.

With respect to diet, which statement is correct?
It is possible to be overweight and malnourished.
If a person is malnourished, he/she would have to be anorexic.
It is possible to be undernourished and not anorexic.
If you meet your daily caloric intake, you can be undernourished.

The human genome is organized into:
50 chromosomes.
23 pairs of chromosomes.
1 Y chromosome and 1 X chromosome.
23 chromosomes.

Ashworth Semester Exam S06V Social Psychology

S06V : Social Psychology
Question 1
Behaviorists believe that all learning is a result of
reinforcement and punishment.
interpretation.
emotion.
Gestalt principles.

Question 2
From across the room, J.T. sees his mother sigh, and he approaches to give her a hug in the hopes of cheering her up. In this case, J.T.'s behavior is an example of a(n) ________ social influence attempt.
direct
ineffective
indirect
unintended

Question 3
If you were to design a program using rewards to increase motivation, what type of rewards would it be the best to use, according to the authors of your text?
Task-contingent
Performance-contingent
Aptitude-contingent
Monetary

Question 4
Research demonstrated that physical sensation can activate metaphors that influence our judgments about unrelated topics. If you wanted students to take your petition seriously, you should present the information about it
on a piece of paper they can take with them.
on a heavy tablet.
on a light clipboard.
verbally rather than written.

Question 5
Research by Petty, Cacioppo, and Goldman (1981) found that when students are not involved in an issue, their opinions are influenced more by the ________ than by the ________.
quality of the arguments; credibility of the speaker
credibility of the speaker; quality of the arguments
quality of the arguments; surface characteristics of the message
content of the message; expertise of the speaker

Question 6
Research shows that conformity is not always required of group members. If a member of your group occasionally deviates from the group and the group doesn't impose negative consequences, the individual has used some of his or her
idiosyncrasy credits.
descriptive norms.
propaganda.
power.

Question 7
Under what conditions will groups tend to make better decisions than individuals?
When the conditions are stressful
When cohesiveness is high
When they rely on the person with the most expertise
When there is a strong directive leader

Question 8
Because of the release of the neurotransmitter dopamine, people who express that they are madly in love are likely to report that they feel
physically ill.
confused and dizzy.
euphoric and high.
that they cannot think.

Question 9
______ theory would be most likely to mention such factors as social approval and increased self-worth as motivations for prosocial behavior.
Evolutionary
Social exchange
Norm activation
Empathy-altruism
Question 10
Researchers use a person's reluctance to get too close to a person from another group as a measure of discrimination. This is known as
micro aggression.
social distance.
ethnocentrism.
social identity.

Ashworth Semester Exam S04V Human Growth and Development II

S04V : Human Growth and Development II
Question 1
In Jamar's culture, the tendency to marry someone who is similar in age, race, education, and religion is referred to as which of the following?
Marriage gradient
Homogamy
Cross-cultural factor
Gender replication

Question 2
When Bobby was eight years old, he was sure he wanted to grow up to be a fireman. But just a year later, Bobby told everybody that when he grew up he wanted to be an astronaut. Still, a few years passed and when he was around 11 years old he changed his mind again and wanted to be a professional basketball player. According to Ginzberg, Bobby is in the __________ period.
tentative
career consolidation
realistic
fantasy

Question 3
The desire to have independence and a sense of control over one's life is called:
maturity.
adolescence.
adulthood.
autonomy.

Question 4
Sally's adolescent classmates call her and the other 125 members of her advanced computer software group "nerds," meaning she is part of a:
peer group.
crowd.
clique.
cohort.

Question 5
Which body part continues to exhibit growth in both size and weight during early adulthood?
Legs
Chest and arms
Feet
Brain

Question 6
The loss of near vision in middle adulthood is referred to as:
visual acuity.
presbycusis.
glaucoma.
presbyopia.

Question 7
Which of the following are most likely to experience feelings of loneliness and increased physical and mental health problems?
divorced women over the age of 40
divorced men in general
divorced women under the age of 25
divorced women in general

Question 8
During a geriatrics conference, discussion focused on internal aging, specifically, brain size and cognitive decline. Which of the following summaries is most notable for this discussion?
The brain will remain the same size and cognitive function can remain the same if the
Brain structure and cognition will decline slightly.
Brain structure will drastically be reduced and cognitive functioning will decrease.
The brain becomes smaller and lighter with age but will retain its structure and

Question 9
Amad does not need continued care. However, he does receive care during the day in the form of meals and medications. What type of facility does Amad attend?
Drop-in facility
Skilled nursing
Assisted living
Adult day-care

Question 10
According to Kübler-Ross, when people protest and have objections to either learning about their impending death or the manner of their impending death, this is called:
denial.
bargaining.
anger.
Depression

Ashworth Semester Exam S03V Human Growth and Development I

S03V : Human Growth and Development I
Question 1
A biological universal event that occurs at relatively the same time throughout all societies is an example of:
young adulthood.
puberty.
adulthood.
death.

Question 2
Genes are arranged in specific locations and in a specific order along _______ chromosomes.
52
23
46
54

Question 3
What is the term for a period of deep depression following the birth of a child that affects approximately 10 percent of all new mothers for months or even years?
Postpartum depression
Stillborn
Infant mortality
Crib death

Question 4
A form of learning in which a voluntary response is strengthened or weakened, depending on its association with positive or negative consequences, is called:
operant conditioning.
habituation.
classical conditioning.
modeling.

Question 5
Name the principle: Simple skills typically develop separately and independently but are later integrated into more complex skills.
cephalocaudal principle
proximodistal principle
principle of the independence of systems
principle of hierarchical integration

Question 6
Baby Nicholas watches as his mother leaves the room, but he does not cry because he understands that his mother still exists even though he cannot see her. This is an example of which reaction concept?
Substage 2: First habits and primary circular reactions
Substage 1: Simple reflexes
Substage 3: Secondary circular reactions
Substage 4: Object permanence

Question 7
Mary is planning to take a year and a half leave from her job because she wants to stay home and care for the needs of her newborn. Mary believes that during the first 18 months of a child's life it is critical that she make herself available to her child to meet his needs and give him the attention he needs. What does Erikson call this stage of development?
The critical attachment stage
The trust-versus-mistrust stage
The autonomy-versus-shame-and-doubt stage
The temperament behavior stage

Question 8
In its most extreme form, _________ parenting results in neglect.
permissive
authoritative
uninvolved
authoritarian

Question 9
At what age can both boys and girls judge and intercept directions of small balls thrown from a distance?
7 years old
8 years old
10 years old
12 years old

Question 10
Which of the following plays a big role in how girls experience early maturation?
How the mother and daughter get along and communicate
Cultural and community norms and standards about how women should look
How the father and daughter get along and communicate
ow much attention the girl receives from boys

Ashworth Semester Exam S02V Introduction to Psychology II

S02V : Introduction to Psychology II
Question 1
Which of the following statements is true of formal reasoning?
In formal reasoning, the information needed for drawing a conclusion or reaching a solution is specified clearly.
In formal reasoning, many approaches, viewpoints, or possible solutions may compete, and you may have to decide which one is most "reasonable."
Formal reasoning involves dialectical reasoning.
Formal reasoning uses heuristics, or rules of thumb, to try to reach a solution.

Question 2
_________ is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.
Anthropomorphism
Anthropodenial
Convergent thinking
Divergent thinking

Question 3
Casey was visiting a friend in New York City on September 11, 2001, the day of the attack on the World Trade Center. To her, that day seems frozen in time. She remembers exactly where she was, what she was doing, and what she felt as the morning transpired. This vivid recollection is known as
source misattribution.
a flashbulb memory.
a serial-position effect.
a frozen memory.

Question 4
A long-lasting increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness is called:
deep processing.
long-term potentiation.
parallel processing.
state-dependent memory.

Question 5
What property of some brain cells led scientists to call them mirror neurons?
They only fire when a person or animal looks in a mirror.
Their cell membranes contain a protein that makes them reflect light.
Their structure perfectly mirrors the structure of a neighboring neuron.
They fire when a person or animal observes others carrying out an action.

Question 6
To psychologists, motivation refers to
a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water.
a process in which an individual sets goals to increase his or her competence and skills.
an inferred process within a person or animal that causes that organism to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation.
movement through a hierarchy of needs, beginning with survival needs for sleep, food, and water and reaching needs for self-actualization.

Question 7
_________ is the distress that most children develop when their primary caregivers leave them with strangers.
Insecure attachment
Separation anxiety
Contact discomfort
Avoidant attachment

Question 8
________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are anxious and impulsive.
Agreeableness versus antagonism
Extroversion versus introversion
Neuroticism versus emotional stability
Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience

Question 9
Research has indicated that
to experience a generalized anxiety disorder, a person must have lived through a specific anxiety-producing event.
It's normal for an individual to feel anxious, be in a general state of apprehension, or experience psychological tension for a period of time.
the majority of people who live through a traumatic experience continue to have posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms for many years.
if loss of interest in familiar activities and a sense of detachment from others persist for two weeks after a trauma, then posttraumatic stress disorder is diagnosed.

Question 10
Psychologists who practice behavioral therapy focus on the client's
unconscious anxieties.
relationships with parents.
methods of coping with inescapable realities of life.
current behavior and attitudes.

/bheem.fetchapp.com/sell/3db9d677"><img src="http://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_buynow_LG.gif" alt="" /></a>

Ashworth Semester Exam S01V Introduction to Psychology I

S01V : Introduction to Psychology I
Question 1
The ability to make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons rather than emotion or anecdote is called:
applied psychology.
critical thinking.
functionalism.
introspection.

Question 2
__________ concluded that his patients' distress was due to conflicts and emotional traumas that occurred in early childhood but were too threatening to be remembered consciously.
Wilhelm Wundt
William James
Sigmund Freud
E. B. Titchener

Question 3
An operational definition is a(n):
statement that attempts to describe or explain a given behavior.
organized system of assumptions and principles that claims to explain a specified set of phenomena and their interrelationships.
precise definition of a term, which specifies the processes required for observing and measuring the phenomenon being investigated.
statement that is accepted without proof and regarded as fundamental to a subject.

Question 4
Milton is a researcher who wants to know whether eating chocolate makes people nervous. Some participants are given two bars of chocolate to eat, while other participants are given no chocolate at all. One hour later, all participants are tested for nervousness. In this experiment, the amount of chocolate eaten:
acts as a dependent variable.
is used as a placebo.
acts as the independent variable.
may be an independent or dependent variable.

Question 5
Professor Schmidt presents her students with a quiz to determine if they know the four chemical elements that form DNA. The majority of students know that the correct answer is:
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine.
adenine, thymine, cysteine, and gametangium.
adenine, telomerase, cytosine, and guanine.
adenine, thiol, chlorine, and guanine.

Question 6
__________ is an approach used only with animals to study the brain.
Positron-emission tomography
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial direct current stimulation
Lesion method

Question 7
Hypnotic responsiveness depends upon:
the skill of the hypnotist.
the efforts and qualities of the person being hypnotized.
the gullibility of the person being hypnotized.
the hypnotist's ability to become easily absorbed in the world of imagination.

Question 8
Soo Lei is a concert violinist. Depending on the piece she's playing, she describes the music as purple or pale green with pink and orange edges. Soo Lei is displaying signs of:
imagination.
synesthesia.
creativity.
functional sensation.

Question 9
The __________ effect is the existence of a greater biological readiness to associate sickness with taste than with sights or sounds.
Garcia
Pavlov
Watson
Seligma

Question 10
Tahir, an Arab, and Jan, a Swede, meet at a dinner for international students. Because the cultures of these two men differ with regard to __________, both may feel uncomfortable during their conversation.
common eating etiquette
attitudes toward higher education
explicit laws
conversational distance