Ashworth Semester Exam S02V Introduction to Psychology II

S02V : Introduction to Psychology II
Question 1
Which of the following statements is true of formal reasoning?
In formal reasoning, the information needed for drawing a conclusion or reaching a solution is specified clearly.
In formal reasoning, many approaches, viewpoints, or possible solutions may compete, and you may have to decide which one is most "reasonable."
Formal reasoning involves dialectical reasoning.
Formal reasoning uses heuristics, or rules of thumb, to try to reach a solution.

Question 2
_________ is the tendency to falsely attribute human qualities to nonhuman beings.
Anthropomorphism
Anthropodenial
Convergent thinking
Divergent thinking

Question 3
Casey was visiting a friend in New York City on September 11, 2001, the day of the attack on the World Trade Center. To her, that day seems frozen in time. She remembers exactly where she was, what she was doing, and what she felt as the morning transpired. This vivid recollection is known as
source misattribution.
a flashbulb memory.
a serial-position effect.
a frozen memory.

Question 4
A long-lasting increase in the strength of synaptic responsiveness is called:
deep processing.
long-term potentiation.
parallel processing.
state-dependent memory.

Question 5
What property of some brain cells led scientists to call them mirror neurons?
They only fire when a person or animal looks in a mirror.
Their cell membranes contain a protein that makes them reflect light.
Their structure perfectly mirrors the structure of a neighboring neuron.
They fire when a person or animal observes others carrying out an action.

Question 6
To psychologists, motivation refers to
a state of tension resulting from the deprivation of physical needs, such as those for food and water.
a process in which an individual sets goals to increase his or her competence and skills.
an inferred process within a person or animal that causes that organism to move toward a goal or away from an unpleasant situation.
movement through a hierarchy of needs, beginning with survival needs for sleep, food, and water and reaching needs for self-actualization.

Question 7
_________ is the distress that most children develop when their primary caregivers leave them with strangers.
Insecure attachment
Separation anxiety
Contact discomfort
Avoidant attachment

Question 8
________ is a fundamental personality dimension that describes the extent to which people are anxious and impulsive.
Agreeableness versus antagonism
Extroversion versus introversion
Neuroticism versus emotional stability
Openness to experience versus resistance to new experience

Question 9
Research has indicated that
to experience a generalized anxiety disorder, a person must have lived through a specific anxiety-producing event.
It's normal for an individual to feel anxious, be in a general state of apprehension, or experience psychological tension for a period of time.
the majority of people who live through a traumatic experience continue to have posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms for many years.
if loss of interest in familiar activities and a sense of detachment from others persist for two weeks after a trauma, then posttraumatic stress disorder is diagnosed.

Question 10
Psychologists who practice behavioral therapy focus on the client's
unconscious anxieties.
relationships with parents.
methods of coping with inescapable realities of life.
current behavior and attitudes.

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